兰顿蚂蚁 - 细胞自动机

模拟生命演化游戏

Published by: 瑞锋 于

Description

兰顿蚂蚁(英语:Langton's ant)是细胞自动机的例子。它由克里斯托夫·兰顿在1986年提出,它由黑白格子和一只“蚂蚁”构成,是一个二维图灵机。
兰顿蚂蚁拥有非常简单的逻辑和复杂的表现。在2000年兰顿蚂蚁的图灵完备性被证明。兰顿蚂蚁的想法后来被推广,比如使用多种颜色。
规则:
在平面上的正方形格被填上黑色或白色。在其中一格正方形有一只“蚂蚁”。它的头部朝向上下左右其中一方。
- 若蚂蚁在白格,右转90度,将该格改为黑格,向前移一步;
- 若蚂蚁在黑格,左转90度,将该格改为白格,向前移一步。
行为模式
若从全白的背景开始,在一开始的数百步,蚂蚁留下的路线会出现许多对称或重复的形状,然后会出现类似混沌的假随机,至约一万步后会出现以104步为周期无限重复的“高速公路”朝固定方向移动。在目前试过的所有起始状态,蚂蚁的路线最终都会变成高速公路,但尚无法证明这是无论任何起始状态都会导致的必然结果。 [2]
除了两种颜色分别让蚂蚁左转或右转,也可以定义更多种颜色进行循环。通用的表示方法是用L和R依序表示各颜色是左转还是右转,兰顿蚂蚁的规则即可表示为RL。有些规则会产生对称或重复的形状。另外除了用方格,也可以用其他如六角形的格子。
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