---
title: "Twitch: Live Streaming - Reviews, Revenue and Downloads in Vietnam | Apple App Store"
description: "Twitch is where thousands of communities come together for our favorite streamers, for the games we love, for the lulz, for each other, for whatever. Download Twitch and join millions enjoying live ga"
---

# Twitch: Live Streaming — Vietnam
> Stream, Watch, Chat. Live.

![Twitch App Icon](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple211/v4/c9/0b/86/c90b86d4-a447-0cfc-a1f9-aa0bc02d7b68/TwitchAppIcon-0-0-1x_U007epad-0-1-0-0-0-0-85-220.png/434x0w.png)

**Developer:** [Twitch Interactive](https://apptail.io/developer/twitch-interactive-HWMb) (United States)
**Category:** Photo Video
**Rating:** 4.7/5 (19,058 ratings)
**Price:** Free
**Bundle ID:** tv.twitch
**Store:** Apple App Store
**Country:** Vietnam
**Version:** 29.6 (released 2026-05-28)
**Original Release:** 2011-10-25
**Languages:** Japanese, Arabic, Italian, Ukrainian, Dutch, Greek (modern), Swedish, Spanish, Slovak, Thai, Czech, Danish, Turkish, German, Norwegian Bokmål, Hungarian, Finnish, French, Bulgarian, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Chinese, English, Korean

**App Store Link:** [Download on Apple App Store](https://apps.apple.com/vn/app/app/id460177396)
**AppTail Page:** [https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/vietnam](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/vietnam)

## Twitch Description
Twitch is where thousands of communities come together for our favorite streamers, for the games we love, for the lulz, for each other, for whatever. Download Twitch and join millions enjoying live games, music, sports, esports, podcasts, cooking shows, IRL streams, and whatever else crosses our community’s wonderfully absurd minds. We’ll see you in chat.

Here’s a convenient list of other awesome things about Twitch:

Everyone is “about” community. We actually are one: Whatever you nerd out about, you can find your people on Twitch. 
Give support, get support: Find new streamers and subscribe to your favorites. Plus,  unlock exclusive perks for your support. 
Start your own channel: The Twitch app is one of the easiest ways to start streaming. Just create an account, go live directly from the app, and bring people together around whatever you’re passionate about. 
You never know what you’ll find: Popular games are always live, but so are music festivals, rocket launches, street tours of Tokyo, and goat yoga. Yes, really. 
Dark mode: Y’all love this one. Black and purple have never looked this good together.

Twitch's Terms of Service are available at 
For feedback and assistance, please visit our Support Center: 
 
Please note: This app features Nielsen’s proprietary measurement software which contributes to market research, like Nielsen’s TV Ratings. Please see  for more information

## Twitch Screenshots
- [Screenshot 1](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple221/v4/f6/4a/39/f64a392f-b7ee-b447-7c03-50b5cd130cc0/4af50e34-b3bf-4bf2-baaa-c47a37c12b16_0_APP_IPAD_97_0.png/1536x2048.png)
- [Screenshot 2](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple211/v4/ba/8a/21/ba8a2150-da50-5d38-b59c-d2ab4158e96b/b672f2da-af19-459e-9ed9-2746cd7a098f_1_APP_IPAD_97_1.png/1536x2048.png)
- [Screenshot 3](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple221/v4/b6/3d/ca/b63dcaa9-a866-7de6-0b3e-3426b5c9cc68/c2be74ec-778e-44ab-8990-c5454c6f5339_2_APP_IPAD_97_2.png/1536x2048.png)
- [Screenshot 4](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple211/v4/1a/d6/b8/1ad6b862-09d6-655a-be92-329ae7c4e299/0af7d9cf-25dc-43a6-a29d-5de2b51710b6_3_APP_IPAD_97_3.png/1536x2048.png)
- [Screenshot 5](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple211/v4/84/95/9d/84959dc5-6162-1328-94e5-c9bb1229abaf/d17ef5fe-2bae-4d8f-b9ab-fed361531064_4_APP_IPAD_97_4.png/1536x2048.png)
- [Screenshot 6](https://is1-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple211/v4/02/c7/fb/02c7fb5c-0866-e200-d124-dec3f8929a8a/a5d8b796-ef15-4261-8b3f-92998125f196_5_APP_IPAD_97_5.png/1536x2048.png)

## Twitch Rating Breakdown in Vietnam
- 5 stars: 16,224 (85%)
- 4 stars: 1,319 (7%)
- 3 stars: 390 (2%)
- 2 stars: 160 (1%)
- 1 stars: 965 (5%)

## Twitch Reviews in Vietnam

### *---- "Liên kết không được ?"
Rồi mắc gì phát quà rồi liêt kiết riot ko cho dị?
-- Hacnhi, 2024-12-14

### *---- "Can’t log in, no SMS received"
Multiple attempts from phone and computer.
-- Hahejo98, 2024-12-13

### *---- "Kho hiểu"
Cái app l bắt cập nhật liên tục z
-- Àmhdoehdbxjxj, 2024-11-30

### ***** "Ok"
Okle
-- Suasappro, 2024-11-08

### *---- "k load được"
như táo dai
-- ditmetwitch, 2024-11-07

### *---- "Không tạo được tài khoản"
App bị lỗi trên đt lẫn PC , tạo tài khoản không gửi mã code mà vẫn ghi là đã gửi nhiều lần
-- Thanh250, 2024-11-07

### ***-- "Không mua được bit , không thể trò chuyện lôi cuốn không thể nạp bất cứ gì để tặng quà"
Tạm ổn mong. Đội ngũ có thể sửa ở trên ios nó lỗi và nạp không được quá nhiều! Xin cảm ơn.
-- Cong2989, 2024-11-06

### *---- "Không đăng ký được"
Tệ
-- Game óc lợn, 2024-11-03

### *---- "This update is so bad"
I go into the app and it just keeps loading
-- NH-ViệtAnh, 2024-10-11

### *---- "Mã xác minh không gửi về máy"
Tệ
-- @.@₫&@, 2024-10-08

### *---- "bọn lo"
djtme nhập có cái mk dell đc má lm ăn như c😡
-- con occacquantrivien, 2024-09-14

### *---- "tại sao tôi tải mật khẩu mãi ko được ????? ức chế vl"
1 sao
-- dương@1, 2024-09-04

### *---- "New update suck"
Force me to watch some channel i didnt subcribe to
-- Minhdnq, 2024-08-23

### *---- "It’s actually below 1 star"
I forgot my password so I used phone number and email to get back. Unreasonably, they didn’t sent me the message. Even I tried any ways to, I couldn’t be sent any messages or code.
-- An uncomfort user, 2024-08-21

### *---- "App quá tệ"
Càng update càng tệ, quá nhiều quảng cáo
-- JuniAri, 2024-08-14

### **--- "Người dùng twitch"
I have an opinion for Twitch like this, I suggest Twitch should remove 2-factor authentication by phone number because sending the code takes too long, instead verify 2-factor by email, because when I register by email, the code is sent very quickly, I hope Twitch will fix it. Thanhkyou
-- PVH5, 2024-08-14

### *---- "Không đăng ký được"
Như cạc
-- Tường1998, 2024-08-11

### *---- "New version is so stupid"
Hard to use
-- koicodon1489, 2024-08-10

### **--- "the new update is soo bad"
whoever cameup with this update pls get cncer and d1e
-- get cncr, 2024-08-04

### *---- "Update"
New update so fk bad
-- Orwasfgh, 2024-08-04

[View all Twitch reviews and detailed analytics on AppTail](https://apptail.io/account/signup?utm_campaign=ai-crawl&utm_content=reviews)

## Twitch In-App Purchases
| Item | Price |
|------|-------|
| 1 Sub Token | 149.00 đ |
| 245 Bits | 129.00 đ |
| 95 Bits | 49.00 đ |
| 510 Bits | 249.00 đ |
| 500 Bits | 199.00 đ |
| 5 Sub Tokens | 799.00 đ |
| 1050 Bits | 499.00 đ |
| 2 Sub Tokens | 249.00 đ |
| Consumable Community Products | 29.00 đ |
| 50 Sub Tokens | 5.00 đ |

## Twitch Store Rankings
| Chart | Country | Category | Rank |
|-------|---------|----------|------|
| Top Free | United States | Photo Video | #9 |
| Top Free | Poland | Photo Video | #9 |
| Top Free | Hungary | Photo Video | #9 |
| Top Free | Germany | Photo Video | #9 |
| Top Free | Belgium | Photo Video | #10 |
| Top Free | France | Photo Video | #10 |
| Top Free | Switzerland | Photo Video | #10 |
| Top Free | Belarus | Photo Video | #10 |
| Top Free | Italy | Photo Video | #11 |
| Top Free | Ukraine | Photo Video | #11 |
| Top Free | Ireland | Photo Video | #11 |
| Top Free | Finland | Photo Video | #11 |
| Top Free | New Zealand | Photo Video | #11 |
| Top Free | Netherlands | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Austria | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Norway | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Denmark | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Czechia | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Canada | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | United Kingdom | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Kazakhstan | Photo Video | #12 |
| Top Free | Portugal | Photo Video | #13 |
| Top Free | Spain | Photo Video | #13 |
| Top Free | Sweden | Photo Video | #13 |
| Top Free | Mexico | Photo Video | #14 |
| Top Free | Argentina | Photo Video | #14 |
| Top Free | Russia | Photo Video | #14 |
| Top Free | Brazil | Photo Video | #15 |
| Top Free | Chile | Photo Video | #15 |
| Top Free | Australia | Photo Video | #16 |
| Top Free | Greece | Photo Video | #17 |
| Top Free | South Africa | Photo Video | #19 |
| Top Free | Japan | Photo Video | #19 |
| Top Free | Nigeria | Photo Video | #20 |
| Top Free | Romania | Photo Video | #23 |
| Top Free | Saudi Arabia | Photo Video | #23 |
| Top Free | Kuwait | Photo Video | #23 |
| Top Free | Dominican Republic | Photo Video | #25 |
| Top Free | Ecuador | Photo Video | #26 |
| Top Free | Algeria | Photo Video | #33 |
| Top Free | Colombia | Photo Video | #34 |
| Top Free | Azerbaijan | Photo Video | #35 |
| Top Free | Peru | Photo Video | #37 |
| Top Free | Hong Kong SAR China | Photo Video | #45 |
| Top Free | Taiwan | Photo Video | #47 |
| Top Free | Singapore | Photo Video | #49 |
| Top Free | Lebanon | Photo Video | #50 |
| Top Free | Israel | Photo Video | #51 |
| Top Free | Türkiye | Photo Video | #56 |
| Top Free | Thailand | Photo Video | #56 |
| Top Free | United Arab Emirates | Photo Video | #59 |
| Top Free | Philippines | Photo Video | #61 |
| Top Free | Egypt | Photo Video | #70 |
| Top Free | Malaysia | Photo Video | #73 |
| Top Free | Pakistan | Photo Video | #94 |
| Top Free | Vietnam | Photo Video | #116 |
| Top Free | United States | Overall | #127 |
| Top Free | India | Photo Video | #134 |
| Top Free | Ukraine | Overall | #138 |
| Top Free | Indonesia | Photo Video | #140 |
| Top Free | Italy | Overall | #153 |
| Top Free | Belarus | Overall | #157 |
| Top Free | Kazakhstan | Overall | #166 |
| Top Free | Argentina | Overall | #188 |
| Top Free | Brazil | Overall | #209 |
| Top Free | France | Overall | #211 |
| Top Free | Nigeria | Overall | #220 |
| Top Free | Hungary | Overall | #222 |
| Top Free | Canada | Overall | #230 |
| Top Free | Kuwait | Overall | #240 |
| Top Free | Mexico | Overall | #241 |
| Top Free | Poland | Overall | #242 |
| Top Free | Germany | Overall | #250 |
| Top Free | Ecuador | Overall | #253 |
| Top Free | Dominican Republic | Overall | #270 |
| Top Free | Belgium | Overall | #273 |
| Top Free | South Africa | Overall | #281 |
| Top Free | Ireland | Overall | #283 |
| Top Free | Portugal | Overall | #289 |
| Top Free | New Zealand | Overall | #289 |
| Top Free | Austria | Overall | #295 |
| Top Free | Greece | Overall | #298 |
| Top Free | Russia | Overall | #301 |
| Top Free | Spain | Overall | #319 |
| Top Free | Chile | Overall | #320 |
| Top Free | United Kingdom | Overall | #322 |
| Top Free | Saudi Arabia | Overall | #335 |
| Top Free | Czechia | Overall | #336 |
| Top Free | Algeria | Overall | #338 |
| Top Free | Switzerland | Overall | #357 |
| Top Free | Colombia | Overall | #362 |
| Top Free | Finland | Overall | #371 |
| Top Free | Peru | Overall | #377 |
| Top Free | Netherlands | Overall | #378 |
| Top Free | Azerbaijan | Overall | #388 |
| Top Free | Australia | Overall | #447 |
| Top Free | Romania | Overall | #450 |
| Top Free | Lebanon | Overall | #456 |
| Top Free | Denmark | Overall | #463 |
| Top Free | Japan | Overall | #468 |

## Twitch Discovered Keywords
- stream
- live sports
- live random video chat
- watch live streams
- item shop
- apex capital
- twi
- random live video chat
- chat and games
- twitch

## Apps Similar to Twitch
- [EpocCam Webcam for Mac and PC](https://apptail.io/app/epoccam-webcam-for-mac-and-pc-twb/vietnam)
- [Imgur: Funny Memes & GIF Maker](https://apptail.io/app/imgur-funny-memes-gif-maker-Fxd/vietnam)
- [Triller: Social Videos & Clips](https://apptail.io/app/triller-social-videos-clips-BVg/vietnam)
- [Live Now - Live Stream](https://apptail.io/app/live-now-live-stream-xUi/vietnam)
- [Anime Wallpaper - Live Engine](https://apptail.io/app/anime-wallpaper-live-engine-MVp/vietnam)
- [Medal - Game Clipping](https://apptail.io/app/medal-game-clipping-UEv/vietnam)
- [Velomingo: Velocity Edit Maker](https://apptail.io/app/velomingo-velocity-edit-maker-MqD/vietnam)
- [Stream Tracker for Twitch Live](https://apptail.io/app/stream-tracker-for-twitch-live-IvU/vietnam)
- [Abandoned World - Urbex](https://apptail.io/app/abandoned-world-urbex-hoMd/vietnam)
- [KICK - Live Streaming](https://apptail.io/app/kick-live-streaming-LQDl/vietnam)

## Twitch Available In
- [United States](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/united-states)
- [France](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/france)
- [Japan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/japan)
- [United Kingdom](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/united-kingdom)
- [Germany](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/germany)
- [Brazil](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/brazil)
- [Mexico](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/mexico)
- [Canada](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/canada)
- [Russia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/russia)
- [Saudi Arabia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/saudi-arabia)
- [Spain](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/spain)
- [Italy](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/italy)
- [Australia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/australia)
- [Türkiye](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/turkey)
- [Thailand](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/thailand)
- [Taiwan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/taiwan)
- [Chile](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/chile)
- [Argentina](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/argentina)
- [Sweden](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/sweden)
- [Colombia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/colombia)
- [Netherlands](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/netherlands)
- [Ukraine](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/ukraine)
- [Switzerland](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/switzerland)
- [Belgium](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/belgium)
- [Poland](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/poland)
- [Denmark](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/denmark)
- [Peru](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/peru)
- [Portugal](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/portugal)
- [Norway](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/norway)
- [United Arab Emirates](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/united-arab-emirates)
- [Austria](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/austria)
- [Czechia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/czechia)
- [Philippines](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/philippines)
- [Ireland](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/ireland)
- [Hungary](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/hungary)
- [Ecuador](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/ecuador)
- [Kazakhstan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/kazakhstan)
- [Vietnam](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/vietnam)
- [South Africa](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/south-africa)
- [New Zealand](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/new-zealand)
- [India](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/india)
- [Dominican Republic](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/dominican-republic)
- [Hong Kong SAR China](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/hong-kong)
- [Malaysia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/malaysia)
- [Kuwait](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/kuwait)
- [Finland](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/finland)
- [Romania](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/romania)
- [Uruguay](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/uruguay)
- [Greece](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/greece)
- [Israel](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/israel)
- [Indonesia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/indonesia)
- [Nigeria](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/nigeria)
- [Belarus](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/belarus)
- [Paraguay](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/paraguay)
- [Slovakia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/slovakia)
- [Singapore](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/singapore)
- [Egypt](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/egypt)
- [Panama](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/panama)
- [Honduras](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/honduras)
- [Bulgaria](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/bulgaria)
- [Qatar](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/qatar)
- [Jordan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/jordan)
- [Oman](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/oman)
- [Croatia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/croatia)
- [Ghana](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/ghana)
- [Algeria](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/algeria)
- [Luxembourg](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/luxembourg)
- [Latvia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/latvia)
- [Lithuania](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/lithuania)
- [Bahrain](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/bahrain)
- [Estonia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/estonia)
- [Pakistan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/pakistan)
- [Lebanon](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/lebanon)
- [Azerbaijan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/azerbaijan)
- [Slovenia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/slovenia)
- [Jamaica](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/jamaica)
- [Senegal](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/senegal)
- [Uzbekistan](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/uzbekistan)
- [Cyprus](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/cyprus)
- [Iceland](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/iceland)
- [Kenya](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/kenya)
- [Armenia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/armenia)
- [North Macedonia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/north-macedonia)
- [Tunisia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/tunisia)
- [Angola](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/angola)
- [Malta](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/malta)
- [Macao SAR China](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/macau)
- [Sri Lanka](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/sri-lanka)
- [Uganda](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/uganda)
- [Nepal](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/nepal)
- [Barbados](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/barbados)
- [Mauritius](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/mauritius)
- [Mali](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/mali)
- [Namibia](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/namibia)
- [Belize](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/belize)
- [Bermuda](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/bermuda)
- [Cayman Islands](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/cayman-islands)
- [Brunei](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/brunei)
- [Madagascar](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/madagascar)
- [Suriname](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/suriname)
- [Grenada](https://apptail.io/app/twitch-live-streaming-UCb/grenada)

---

## About AppTail

[AppTail](https://apptail.io) is a mobile app intelligence platform providing app analytics, ASO (App Store Optimization) tools, keyword tracking, competitor analysis, revenue estimates, and review monitoring for iOS App Store apps. Track your app's performance, discover ranking keywords, monitor competitors, and analyze market trends.

- [Search Apps](https://apptail.io)
- [Top Charts](https://apptail.io/top-iphone-apps)
- [Sign Up for Full Access](https://apptail.io/account/signup?utm_campaign=ai-crawl&utm_content=footer)

*Data provided by [AppTail](https://apptail.io) - Mobile App Intelligence Platform*